As the weather gets colder in winter, people with diabetes need to pay extra attention to their health. Cold temperatures often lead to reduced physical activity while increasing appetite, making blood sugar management more challenging. In addition, low temperatures can slow blood circulation, potentially increasing the risk of diabetes-related complications and even mortality. So how can people with diabetes stay healthy during the winter months? Here are four key points to keep in mind.

1. Increased Appetite

During cold winter months, the body naturally increases appetite to maintain a stable body temperature, as more energy is required to adapt to lower external temperatures. In addition, vitamin D deficiency, which is common in winter, can contribute to depressive moods and increase the stress hormone cortisol—both of which stimulate appetite. Overeating due to increased appetite can cause sudden spikes in blood sugar levels.

To manage appetite, which directly affects blood sugar control, stress management is essential. Cortisol released during periods of stress raises blood sugar levels by stimulating appetite. During meals, focusing on protein-rich foods that promote satiety and fiber-rich foods that keep you feeling full longer can help control excessive eating. Adequate sleep is also crucial, as sleep deprivation can further increase appetite.

2. Lack of Physical Activity

People with diabetes should continue exercising even during winter, while paying close attention to staying warm. Sudden exposure to cold air can cause blood vessels to constrict and blood pressure to rise, potentially worsening cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions such as heart attacks and strokes. For this reason, early morning outdoor exercise in cold weather should be avoided. When going outside, wearing hats, scarves, and warm clothing is important to maintain body temperature.

Indoor exercise is a good alternative during winter. A balanced routine combining aerobic exercises and strength training—such as squats, lunges, or stationary cycling—can help maintain stable blood sugar levels throughout the colder months.

3. Colds and Infections

Because people with diabetes often have a weakened immune system, they are more vulnerable to colds. When cold symptoms occur, the body releases stress hormones that interfere with insulin function, leading to higher blood sugar levels. If elevated blood sugar persists, the risk of complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia increases. Therefore, preventing colds is essential for maintaining stable blood sugar during winter.

If a cold does occur, extra caution is needed when taking medication. While short-term use is generally safe, people with diabetes often take multiple medications, and prolonged use of cold medicine may negatively affect the liver or kidneys. Consulting a primary care physician before taking cold medication is recommended. Even when feeling unwell, blood sugar management should not be neglected. Maintaining regular meals and daily routines is key to managing both diabetes and cold symptoms effectively.

4. Dry Skin

Cold and dry winter air can lead to dry skin, and reduced blood flow to the feet due to blood vessel constriction increases the risk of diabetic foot complications. To prevent diabetic foot problems—a common diabetes-related complication—it is important to keep the skin well moisturized even in winter.

According to Dr. Jae-hyung Sang, a family medicine specialist at Miraebon Hospital, daily foot care is essential. This includes washing the feet thoroughly every day, regularly checking for any cuts or wounds, and applying moisturizer to prevent dryness. Prompt treatment of any injuries is also crucial. Dr. Sang advises, “Self-treatment of foot wounds can increase the risk of secondary infections, so it is best to seek medical treatment at a hospital.”

Source: 하이닥 (https://news.hidoc.co.kr/)